名詞 mastiff:

1. an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog

mas.tiff

n.（名詞）
Any of an ancient breed of large, strong dogs, probably originating in Asia and having a short, often fawn-colored coat.
獒犬，大馴犬：古代一種大而強壯的狗，可能源于亞洲，具有短且呈黃褐色的皮毛

來源：
Middle English mastif
中古英語 mastif
alteration of Old French mastin
古法語 mastin的變化
from Vulgar Latin *(canis) m3nsuôtonus [tame (dog)]
源自 俗拉丁語 *(canis) m3nsuôtonus [馴養(yǎng)的（狗）]
from Latin m3nsuôtus [past participle of] m3nsuôscere [to tame]
源自 拉丁語 m3nsuôtus [] m3nsuôscere的過去分詞 [馴養(yǎng)，馴服]
manus [hand] * see man- 2
manus [手] *參見 man- 2
suôscere [to accustom] * see s(w)e-
suôscere [習慣于，適應(yīng)于] *參見 s(w)e-

<注釋>The mastiff, which was at one time used in bullbaiting and bearbaiting as well as in dogfights,is ultimately named not for its fierceness but for its tameness.To find this tamenesswe must look back to the ultimate source ofmastiff in the Latin word m3nsuôtus, .tame, domesticated,. itself derived from the past participle ofmanusuôscere, .to tame,. made up of the rootman- found in the wordmanus, .hand,. and the verb suôscere, .to become accustomed to.. Tame beasts are accustomed to the hand.To explain howmansuôscere became mastiff, we must follow it through its Vulgar Latin development,.mansuôtonus, .domesticated,. and the later Old French development, mastin, .mastiff.. While being borrowed into English,mastin was probably blended with the Old French word mestif, .mongrel,. and was possibly influenced by the Medieval Latin wordmastovus, .mastiff,. probably itself an error formastonus, which came from the same Vulgar Latin source as the Old French word. Mastiff is first recorded in Middle English (as mastif ) in a work written before 387.
曾經(jīng)一度被用于縱狗斗牛、縱狗斗熊以及斗狗的大馴犬，最終并不是因為它的兇狠而是因為它的馴順命名。要找到這種馴順，我們必須回溯到mastiff 的最終拉丁語詞源 mansuetus 意為.馴服，馴養(yǎng).， 該詞本身源于manusuescere .馴養(yǎng).的過去分詞， 由man- 構(gòu)成， 始于manus （意為.手.）和動詞 suesere .適應(yīng)，習慣于.。 被馴養(yǎng)的野獸習慣于馴養(yǎng)者的手。要知道mansuecere 如何成 mastiff ， 我們必須緊跟它在俗拉丁語中的發(fā)展，mansuetinus （.馴服的.）以及后來古法語的發(fā)展 mastin .猛犬.。 當mastin 一詞借用到英語中時，它可能和古法語詞 mestif （.雜種狗.）相混合， 還可能受中世紀拉丁語詞mastivus （.大馴犬.）的影響， 但也許這個詞本身就是同樣作為古法語詞來源于俗拉丁語的mastinus 的誤寫。 Mastiff 在387年的一部作品中首次出現(xiàn)在中世紀英語里（當時寫作 mastif ）